// Copyright 2019 Google LLC // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); // you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. // You may obtain a copy of the License at // // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 // // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software // distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, // WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and // limitations under the License. use super::util::{xor_block_16, Block16}; use super::{Decrypt16BytesBlock, Encrypt16BytesBlock}; /** A portable and naive textbook implementation of AES-256 **/ type Word = [u8; 4]; /** This structure caches the round keys, to avoid re-computing the key schedule for each block. **/ pub struct EncryptionKey { enc_round_keys: [Block16; 15], } pub struct DecryptionKey { dec_round_keys: [Block16; 15], } impl EncryptionKey { // Computes the round keys. pub fn new(key: &[u8; 32]) -> EncryptionKey { let mut enc_round_keys = [Default::default(); 15]; enc_round_keys[0] = *array_ref![key, 0, 16]; enc_round_keys[1] = *array_ref![key, 16, 16]; let mut word: Word = *array_ref![enc_round_keys[1], 12, 4]; for i in 2..15 { if i & 1 == 0 { rotword(&mut word); subword(&mut word); word[0] ^= RCON[(i >> 1) - 1]; } else { subword(&mut word); } for j in 0..4 { xorword(&mut word, *array_ref![enc_round_keys[i - 2], 4 * j, 4]); *array_mut_ref![enc_round_keys[i], 4 * j, 4] = word; } } EncryptionKey { enc_round_keys } } } impl Encrypt16BytesBlock for EncryptionKey { // Encrypt an AES block in place. fn encrypt_block(&self, block: &mut Block16) { add_round_key(block, &self.enc_round_keys[0]); for i in 1..14 { aes_enc(block, &self.enc_round_keys[i]); } aes_enc_last(block, &self.enc_round_keys[14]); } } impl DecryptionKey { // Computes the round keys. pub fn new(key: &EncryptionKey) -> DecryptionKey { let mut dec_round_keys = [Default::default(); 15]; dec_round_keys[0] = key.enc_round_keys[14]; #[allow(clippy::needless_range_loop)] for i in 1..14 { let rk = &mut dec_round_keys[i]; *rk = key.enc_round_keys[14 - i]; inv_mix_columns(rk); } dec_round_keys[14] = key.enc_round_keys[0]; DecryptionKey { dec_round_keys } } } impl Decrypt16BytesBlock for DecryptionKey { // Decrypt an AES block in place. fn decrypt_block(&self, block: &mut Block16) { add_round_key(block, &self.dec_round_keys[0]); for i in 1..14 { aes_dec(block, &self.dec_round_keys[i]); } aes_dec_last(block, &self.dec_round_keys[14]); } } /** Helper functions for the key schedule **/ fn rotword(word: &mut Word) { let tmp = word[0]; word[0] = word[1]; word[1] = word[2]; word[2] = word[3]; word[3] = tmp; } fn subword(word: &mut Word) { for byte in word.iter_mut() { *byte = SBOX[*byte as usize]; } } fn xorword(word: &mut Word, src: Word) { for i in 0..4 { word[i] ^= src[i]; } } /** Helper functions for the encryption **/ fn aes_enc(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { sub_bytes(block); shift_rows(block); mix_columns(block); add_round_key(block, rkey); } fn aes_dec(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { inv_shift_rows(block); inv_sub_bytes(block); inv_mix_columns(block); add_round_key(block, rkey); } fn aes_enc_last(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { sub_bytes(block); shift_rows(block); add_round_key(block, rkey); } fn aes_dec_last(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { inv_shift_rows(block); inv_sub_bytes(block); add_round_key(block, rkey); } #[inline(always)] fn add_round_key(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { xor_block_16(block, rkey); } fn sub_bytes(block: &mut Block16) { for byte in block.iter_mut() { *byte = SBOX[*byte as usize]; } } fn inv_sub_bytes(block: &mut Block16) { for byte in block.iter_mut() { *byte = SBOX_INV[*byte as usize]; } } fn shift_rows(block: &mut Block16) { let tmp = block[1]; block[1] = block[5]; block[5] = block[9]; block[9] = block[13]; block[13] = tmp; block.swap(2, 10); block.swap(6, 14); let tmp = block[3]; block[3] = block[15]; block[15] = block[11]; block[11] = block[7]; block[7] = tmp; } fn inv_shift_rows(block: &mut Block16) { let tmp = block[7]; block[7] = block[11]; block[11] = block[15]; block[15] = block[3]; block[3] = tmp; block.swap(2, 10); block.swap(6, 14); let tmp = block[13]; block[13] = block[9]; block[9] = block[5]; block[5] = block[1]; block[1] = tmp; } // multiplication by 2 in GF(2^256) fn mul2(x: u8) -> u8 { (x << 1) ^ (((x >> 7) & 1) * 0x1b) } // multiplication by 3 in GF(2^256) fn mul3(x: u8) -> u8 { mul2(x) ^ x } fn mix_columns(block: &mut Block16) { for i in 0..4 { let x0 = block[4 * i]; let x1 = block[4 * i + 1]; let x2 = block[4 * i + 2]; let x3 = block[4 * i + 3]; block[4 * i] = mul2(x0) ^ mul3(x1) ^ x2 ^ x3; block[4 * i + 1] = x0 ^ mul2(x1) ^ mul3(x2) ^ x3; block[4 * i + 2] = x0 ^ x1 ^ mul2(x2) ^ mul3(x3); block[4 * i + 3] = mul3(x0) ^ x1 ^ x2 ^ mul2(x3); } } // multiplication by 9 in GF(2^256) fn mul9(x: u8) -> u8 { mul2(mul2(mul2(x))) ^ x } // multiplication by 11 in GF(2^256) fn mul11(x: u8) -> u8 { mul2(mul2(mul2(x)) ^ x) ^ x } // multiplication by 13 in GF(2^256) fn mul13(x: u8) -> u8 { mul2(mul2(mul2(x) ^ x)) ^ x } // multiplication by 14 in GF(2^256) fn mul14(x: u8) -> u8 { mul2(mul2(mul2(x) ^ x) ^ x) } fn inv_mix_columns(block: &mut Block16) { for i in 0..4 { let x0 = block[4 * i]; let x1 = block[4 * i + 1]; let x2 = block[4 * i + 2]; let x3 = block[4 * i + 3]; block[4 * i] = mul14(x0) ^ mul11(x1) ^ mul13(x2) ^ mul9(x3); block[4 * i + 1] = mul9(x0) ^ mul14(x1) ^ mul11(x2) ^ mul13(x3); block[4 * i + 2] = mul13(x0) ^ mul9(x1) ^ mul14(x2) ^ mul11(x3); block[4 * i + 3] = mul11(x0) ^ mul13(x1) ^ mul9(x2) ^ mul14(x3); } } /** Constants **/ // Constants used in the key schedule. const RCON: [u8; 7] = [0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40]; // AES substitution box. const SBOX: [u8; 256] = [ 0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, 0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, 0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, 0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, 0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, 0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73, 0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, 0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79, 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, 0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, 0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, 0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16, ]; const SBOX_INV: [u8; 256] = [ 0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb, 0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e, 0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92, 0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06, 0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73, 0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b, 0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4, 0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef, 0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61, 0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d, ]; #[cfg(test)] mod test { use super::*; // Test vector from the NIST obtained at: // https://csrc.nist.gov/CSRC/media/Projects/Cryptographic-Standards-and-Guidelines/documents/examples/AES_ECB.pdf #[test] fn test_nist_aes256_ecb_encrypt() { let src = b"\x6b\xc1\xbe\xe2\x2e\x40\x9f\x96\ \xe9\x3d\x7e\x11\x73\x93\x17\x2a"; let key = b"\x60\x3d\xeb\x10\x15\xca\x71\xbe\ \x2b\x73\xae\xf0\x85\x7d\x77\x81\ \x1f\x35\x2c\x07\x3b\x61\x08\xd7\ \x2d\x98\x10\xa3\x09\x14\xdf\xf4"; let expected = b"\xf3\xee\xd1\xbd\xb5\xd2\xa0\x3c\ \x06\x4b\x5a\x7e\x3d\xb1\x81\xf8"; let mut dst: Block16 = Default::default(); dst.copy_from_slice(src); EncryptionKey::new(key).encrypt_block(&mut dst); assert_eq!(&dst, expected); } #[test] fn test_nist_aes256_ecb_decrypt() { let src = b"\xf3\xee\xd1\xbd\xb5\xd2\xa0\x3c\ \x06\x4b\x5a\x7e\x3d\xb1\x81\xf8"; let key = b"\x60\x3d\xeb\x10\x15\xca\x71\xbe\ \x2b\x73\xae\xf0\x85\x7d\x77\x81\ \x1f\x35\x2c\x07\x3b\x61\x08\xd7\ \x2d\x98\x10\xa3\x09\x14\xdf\xf4"; let expected = b"\x6b\xc1\xbe\xe2\x2e\x40\x9f\x96\ \xe9\x3d\x7e\x11\x73\x93\x17\x2a"; let mut dst: Block16 = Default::default(); dst.copy_from_slice(src); DecryptionKey::new(&EncryptionKey::new(key)).decrypt_block(&mut dst); assert_eq!(&dst, expected); } #[test] fn test_encrypt_decrypt() { // Test that decrypt_block is the inverse of encrypt_block for a bunch of block values. let key_bytes = b"\x60\x3d\xeb\x10\x15\xca\x71\xbe\ \x2b\x73\xae\xf0\x85\x7d\x77\x81\ \x1f\x35\x2c\x07\x3b\x61\x08\xd7\ \x2d\x98\x10\xa3\x09\x14\xdf\xf4"; let enc_key = EncryptionKey::new(key_bytes); let dec_key = DecryptionKey::new(&enc_key); let mut block: Block16 = [0; 16]; for i in 0..=255 { for j in 0..16 { block[j] = (i + j) as u8; } let expected = block; enc_key.encrypt_block(&mut block); dec_key.decrypt_block(&mut block); assert_eq!(block, expected); } } #[test] fn test_sbox_is_permutation() { let mut image = [false; 256]; for &sboxed in SBOX.iter() { assert_eq!(image[sboxed as usize], false); image[sboxed as usize] = true; } } #[test] fn test_sbox_inv_is_permutation() { let mut image = [false; 256]; for &sboxed in SBOX_INV.iter() { assert_eq!(image[sboxed as usize], false); image[sboxed as usize] = true; } } #[test] fn test_sbox_inverse() { for i in 0..=255 { assert_eq!(SBOX_INV[SBOX[i as usize] as usize], i); } } #[test] fn test_subbytes() { let mut block = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let expected = [ 99, 124, 119, 123, 242, 107, 111, 197, 48, 1, 103, 43, 254, 215, 171, 118, ]; sub_bytes(&mut block); assert_eq!(block, expected); } #[test] fn test_subbytes_inv() { // Test that inv_sub_bytes is the inverse of sub_bytes for a bunch of block values. let mut block: Block16 = [0; 16]; for i in 0..=255 { for j in 0..16 { block[j] = (i + j) as u8; } let expected = block; sub_bytes(&mut block); inv_sub_bytes(&mut block); assert_eq!(block, expected); } } #[test] fn test_shift_rows() { let mut block = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let expected = [0, 5, 10, 15, 4, 9, 14, 3, 8, 13, 2, 7, 12, 1, 6, 11]; shift_rows(&mut block); assert_eq!(block, expected); } #[test] fn test_shift_rows_inv() { // Test that inv_shift_rows is the inverse of shift_rows for a bunch of block values. let mut block: Block16 = [0; 16]; for i in 0..=255 { for j in 0..16 { block[j] = (i + j) as u8; } let expected = block; shift_rows(&mut block); inv_shift_rows(&mut block); assert_eq!(block, expected); } } #[test] fn test_mix_columns_inv() { // Test that inv_mix_columns is the inverse of mix_columns for a bunch of block values. let mut block: Block16 = [0; 16]; for i in 0..=255 { for j in 0..16 { block[j] = (i + j) as u8; } let expected = block; mix_columns(&mut block); inv_mix_columns(&mut block); assert_eq!(block, expected); } } /** Comparison with AES-NI instructions for CPUs that support them **/ #[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64", target_feature = "aes"))] mod aesni { use super::super::*; fn aes_enc_ni(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { use core::arch::x86_64::{__m128i, _mm_aesenc_si128}; unsafe { let block_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*block); let rkey_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*rkey); let encrypted_mm: __m128i = _mm_aesenc_si128(block_mm, rkey_mm); *block = core::mem::transmute(encrypted_mm) } } fn aes_enc_last_ni(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { use core::arch::x86_64::{__m128i, _mm_aesenclast_si128}; unsafe { let block_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*block); let rkey_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*rkey); let encrypted_mm: __m128i = _mm_aesenclast_si128(block_mm, rkey_mm); *block = core::mem::transmute(encrypted_mm) } } fn aes_dec_ni(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { use core::arch::x86_64::{__m128i, _mm_aesdec_si128}; unsafe { let block_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*block); let rkey_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*rkey); let decrypted_mm: __m128i = _mm_aesdec_si128(block_mm, rkey_mm); *block = core::mem::transmute(decrypted_mm) } } fn aes_dec_last_ni(block: &mut Block16, rkey: &Block16) { use core::arch::x86_64::{__m128i, _mm_aesdeclast_si128}; unsafe { let block_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*block); let rkey_mm: __m128i = core::mem::transmute(*rkey); let decrypted_mm: __m128i = _mm_aesdeclast_si128(block_mm, rkey_mm); *block = core::mem::transmute(decrypted_mm) } } #[test] fn test_aes_enc_ni() { let mut block = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let mut block_ni = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let rkey = [ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, ]; aes_enc(&mut block, &rkey); aes_enc_ni(&mut block_ni, &rkey); assert_eq!(block, block_ni); } #[test] fn test_aes_enc_last_ni() { let mut block = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let mut block_ni = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let rkey = [ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, ]; aes_enc_last(&mut block, &rkey); aes_enc_last_ni(&mut block_ni, &rkey); assert_eq!(block, block_ni); } #[test] fn test_aes_dec_ni() { let mut block = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let mut block_ni = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let rkey = [ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, ]; aes_dec(&mut block, &rkey); aes_dec_ni(&mut block_ni, &rkey); assert_eq!(block, block_ni); } #[test] fn test_aes_dec_last_ni() { let mut block = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let mut block_ni = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]; let rkey = [ 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, ]; aes_dec_last(&mut block, &rkey); aes_dec_last_ni(&mut block_ni, &rkey); assert_eq!(block, block_ni); } } }